Data Transformation

class: title-slide, center

# Data Transformation

## Tidy Data Science with the Tidyverse and Tidymodels

### W. Jake Thompson

#### [https://tidyds-2021.wjakethompson.com](https://tidyds-2021.wjakethompson.com) &#183; [https://bit.ly/tidyds-2021](https://bit.ly/tidyds-2021)

.footer-license[*Tidy Data Science with the Tidyverse and Tidymodels* is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).]

<div style = "position:fixed; visibility: hidden">
`$$\require{color}\definecolor{yellow}{rgb}{0.996078431372549, 0.843137254901961, 0.4}$$`
`$$\require{color}\definecolor{blue}{rgb}{0, 0.623529411764706, 0.717647058823529}$$`
</div>

---
<div class="hex-book">
  <a href="https://dplyr.tidyverse.org">
    <img class="hex" src="images/hex/dplyr.png">
  </a>
  <a href="https://r4ds.had.co.nz/transform.html">
    <img class="book" src="images/books/r4ds-data-trans.png">
  </a>
</div>

---
background-image: url(images/transform/applied-ds-trans.png)
background-position: center 60%
background-size: 85%

# .nobold[(Applied)] Data Science

---

# Example Data: `babynames`

```r
library(babynames)
babynames
#> # A tibble: 1,924,665 x 5
#>     year sex   name          n   prop
#>    <dbl> <chr> <chr>     <int>  <dbl>
#>  1  1880 F     Mary       7065 0.0724
#>  2  1880 F     Anna       2604 0.0267
#>  3  1880 F     Emma       2003 0.0205
#>  4  1880 F     Elizabeth  1939 0.0199
#>  5  1880 F     Minnie     1746 0.0179
#>  6  1880 F     Margaret   1578 0.0162
#>  7  1880 F     Ida        1472 0.0151
#>  8  1880 F     Alice      1414 0.0145
#>  9  1880 F     Bertha     1320 0.0135
#> 10  1880 F     Sarah      1288 0.0132
#> # … with 1,924,655 more rows
```

???

Year, Sex assigned at birth, Name, Number, and Proportion (n / sum(n |year,gender))

---
class: middle

.left-column[
<a href="https://docs.ropensci.org/skimr/">
  <img src="images/hex/skimr.png">
</a>
]

.right-column[
# skimr

```r
library(skimr)
```

* Skims your data
* Summarizes variable types, distributions, etc.

```r
skim(babynames)
```
]

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 1

.big[
* Open the R Notebook **materials/exercises/03-transform.Rmd**
* Let's look at the `babynames` data set
* Run this code to view a summary of the data
]

```r
skim(babynames)
```

---
class: your-turn wide

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
skim(babynames)
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[Output]
.smaller[

```
#> ── Data Summary ────────────────────────
#>                            Values   
#> Name                       babynames
#> Number of rows             1924665  
#> Number of columns          5        
#> _______________________             
#> Column type frequency:              
#>   character                2        
#>   numeric                  3        
#> ________________________            
#> Group variables            None     
#> 
#> ── Variable type: character ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>   skim_variable n_missing complete_rate   min   max empty n_unique whitespace
#> 1 sex                   0             1     1     1     0        2          0
#> 2 name                  0             1     2    15     0    97310          0
#> 
#> ── Variable type: numeric ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>   skim_variable n_missing complete_rate        mean         sd            p0           p25          p50          p75       p100 hist 
#> 1 year                  0             1 1975.         34.0     1880          1951          1985         2003          2017      ▁▂▃▅▇
#> 2 n                     0             1  181.       1533.         5             7            12           32         99686      ▇▁▁▁▁
#> 3 prop                  0             1    0.000136    0.00115    0.00000226    0.00000387    0.0000073    0.0000229     0.0815 ▇▁▁▁▁
```

]
]
]

---
# Isolating Data

.pull-left[
<img src="images/transform/select.png" height="75px">
]

.pull-right[
.big[Extract variables with **`select()`**]
]

---
# Isolating Data

.pull-left[
<img src="images/transform/select.png" height="75px">
</br>
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/filter.png" height="75px">
]

.pull-right[
.big[Extract variables with **`select()`**]
</br>
</br>
</br>
</br>
.big[Extract cases with **`filter()`**]
]

---
# Isolating Data

.pull-left[
<img src="images/transform/select.png" height="75px">
</br>
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/filter.png" height="75px">
</br>
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/arrange.png" height="75px">
]

.pull-right[
.big[Extract variables with **`select()`**]
</br>
</br>
</br>
</br>
.big[Extract cases with **`filter()`**]
</br>
</br>
</br>
.big[Arrange cases with **`arrange()`**]
]

---
name: select
class: center middle

# `select()`

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>select(.data, ...)</code>

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>select(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">.data</span>, ...)</code>

???

Data to transform

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>select(.data, <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">...</span>)</code>

???

Name of column(s) to select, or select helper function

---

```r
select(babynames, name, prop)
```

.pull-left[
<style>@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Sans+Pro:ital,wght@0,100;0,200;0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;0,900;1,100;1,200;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800;1,900&display=swap");
html {
  font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', Arial, sans-serif;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#lyiphxbjpz .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="lyiphxbjpz" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; background-color: #009FB7;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; background-color: #009FB7;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Mary</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">7065</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.072</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Anna</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2604</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.027</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Emma</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2003</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.021</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Elizabeth</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1939</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.020</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Minnie</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1746</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.018</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1578</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.016</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1472</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Alice</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1414</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Bertha</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1320</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #0ADEFF;">Sarah</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1288</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.013</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

.pull-right[
<style>@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Sans+Pro:ital,wght@0,100;0,200;0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;0,900;1,100;1,200;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800;1,900&display=swap");
html {
  font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', 'Fira Sans', 'Droid Sans', Arial, sans-serif;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#hrnabmyeur .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="hrnabmyeur" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; background-color: #009FB7;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; background-color: #009FB7;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Mary</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.072</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Anna</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.027</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Emma</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.021</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Elizabeth</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.020</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Minnie</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.018</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.016</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Alice</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">Bertha</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #0ADEFF;">Sarah</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #0ADEFF;">0.013</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 2

.big[
* Alter the code to select just the **`n`** column
]

```r
select(babynames, name, prop)
```

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
select(babynames, n)
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Result]

```
# A tibble: 1,924,665 x 1
       n
   <int>
 1  7065
 2  2604
 3  2003
 4  1939
 5  1746
 6  1578
 7  1472
 8  1414
 9  1320
10  1288
# … with 1,924,655 more rows
```

]
]

---
# Example Data: `storms`

```r
storms
#> # A tibble: 10,010 x 13
#>    name   year month   day  hour   lat  long status      category  wind pressure
#>    <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <chr>       <ord>    <int>    <int>
#>  1 Amy    1975     6    27     0  27.5 -79   tropical d… -1          25     1013
#>  2 Amy    1975     6    27     6  28.5 -79   tropical d… -1          25     1013
#>  3 Amy    1975     6    27    12  29.5 -79   tropical d… -1          25     1013
#>  4 Amy    1975     6    27    18  30.5 -79   tropical d… -1          25     1013
#>  5 Amy    1975     6    28     0  31.5 -78.8 tropical d… -1          25     1012
#>  6 Amy    1975     6    28     6  32.4 -78.7 tropical d… -1          25     1012
#>  7 Amy    1975     6    28    12  33.3 -78   tropical d… -1          25     1011
#>  8 Amy    1975     6    28    18  34   -77   tropical d… -1          30     1006
#>  9 Amy    1975     6    29     0  34.4 -75.8 tropical s… 0           35     1004
#> 10 Amy    1975     6    29     6  34   -74.8 tropical s… 0           40     1002
#> # … with 10,000 more rows, and 2 more variables: ts_diameter <dbl>,
#> #   hu_diameter <dbl>
```

???
Hurricane data; year, month, day, hour of report; position (lat/long); classification; category; wind speed; air pressure; diameter of the area with tropical storm winds; diameter of area with hurricane winds

---
# `select()` helpers

**`:`** selects a range of columns

```r
select(storms, name:pressure)
```

**`-`** selects every column but

```r
select(storms, -c(name, pressure))
```

**`starts_with()`**/**`ends_with()`** selects based on start/end

```r
select(storms, starts_with("w"))
select(storms, ends_with("e"))
```

---
# `select()` helpers

**`contains()`** selects based on anywhere

```r
select(storms, contains("d"))
```

**`matches()`** selects based on expressions

```r
select(storms, matches("^.{4}$"))
```

**`any_of()`**/**`all_of()`** selects a set

```r
select(storms, any_of(c("name", "names", "Name")))
```

???
regex: name starts, has any character 4 times, then ends

---
background-image: url(images/transform/cheatsheet-select.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 85%

---
class: pop-quiz

# Consider

Which of these is NOT a way to select the **`name`** and **`n`** columns together?

```r
select(babynames, -c(year, sex, prop))
```

```r
select(babynames, name:n)
```

```r
select(babynames, starts_with("n"))
```

```r
select(babynames, ends_with("n"))
```

---
class: pop-quiz

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Option 1]

```r
select(babynames, -c(year, sex, prop))
#> # A tibble: 1,924,665 x 2
#>    name          n
#>    <chr>     <int>
#>  1 Mary       7065
#>  2 Anna       2604
#>  3 Emma       2003
#>  4 Elizabeth  1939
#>  5 Minnie     1746
#>  6 Margaret   1578
#>  7 Ida        1472
#>  8 Alice      1414
#>  9 Bertha     1320
#> 10 Sarah      1288
#> # … with 1,924,655 more rows
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[Option 2]

```r
select(babynames, name:n)
#> # A tibble: 1,924,665 x 2
#>    name          n
#>    <chr>     <int>
#>  1 Mary       7065
#>  2 Anna       2604
#>  3 Emma       2003
#>  4 Elizabeth  1939
#>  5 Minnie     1746
#>  6 Margaret   1578
#>  7 Ida        1472
#>  8 Alice      1414
#>  9 Bertha     1320
#> 10 Sarah      1288
#> # … with 1,924,655 more rows
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[Option 3]

```r
select(babynames, starts_with("n"))
#> # A tibble: 1,924,665 x 2
#>    name          n
#>    <chr>     <int>
#>  1 Mary       7065
#>  2 Anna       2604
#>  3 Emma       2003
#>  4 Elizabeth  1939
#>  5 Minnie     1746
#>  6 Margaret   1578
#>  7 Ida        1472
#>  8 Alice      1414
#>  9 Bertha     1320
#> 10 Sarah      1288
#> # … with 1,924,655 more rows
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[Option 4]

```r
select(babynames, ends_with("n"))
#> # A tibble: 1,924,665 x 1
#>        n
#>    <int>
#>  1  7065
#>  2  2604
#>  3  2003
#>  4  1939
#>  5  1746
#>  6  1578
#>  7  1472
#>  8  1414
#>  9  1320
#> 10  1288
#> # … with 1,924,655 more rows
```
]
]

---
name: filter
class: center middle

# `filter()`

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>filter(.data, ...)</code>

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>filter(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">.data</span>, ...)</code>

???

Data to transform

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>filter(.data, <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">...</span>)</code>

???

One or more logical tests. Filter returns each row where the test is TRUE

---

```r
filter(babynames, name == "Ida")
```

#csiyqgkoba .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#csiyqgkoba .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="csiyqgkoba" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Mary</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">7065</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.072</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Anna</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2604</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.027</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Emma</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2003</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.021</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Elizabeth</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1939</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.020</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Minnie</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1746</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.018</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1578</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.016</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">1472</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Alice</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1414</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Bertha</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1320</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">Sarah</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1288</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.013</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#lrobjwkzgm .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="lrobjwkzgm" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">1472</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">8</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.000</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1881</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">1439</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1881</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">5</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.000</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1882</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">1673</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1882</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">5</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.000</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1883</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">1634</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1883</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">5</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.000</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1884</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">1882</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">1884</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">8</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">0.000</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>filter(babynames, name <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">==</span> "Ida")</code>

---
# Logical Tests

.center[
`?Comparison`

<table>
  <colgroup>
    <col span="1" style="width: 175px;">
    <col span="1" style="width: 225px;">
  </colgroup>
  
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">x </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> < </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">y</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Less than </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">x </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> > </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">y</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Greater than </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">x </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> == </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">y</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Equal to </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">x </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> <= </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">y</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Less than or equal to </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">x </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> >= </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">y</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Greater than or equal to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">x </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> != </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">y</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Not equal to</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">x </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> %in% </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">y</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Group membership</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong>is.na(</strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">x</code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong>)</strong></code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Is missing (<code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-dark">NA</code>)</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong>!is.na(</strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">x</code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong>)</strong></code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Is not missing (not <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-dark">NA</code>)</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
]

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 3

.big[
Use the logical operators to manipulate the `babynames` data to show:

1. All of the names where **`prop`** is greater than .08
2. All of the children named "Daenerys"
3. All of the names that have a missing value for **`n`**

.tiny[(Hint: this should return an empty data set)]
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[`prop` > .08]

```r
filter(babynames, prop > .08)
#> # A tibble: 3 x 5
#>    year sex   name        n   prop
#>   <dbl> <chr> <chr>   <int>  <dbl>
#> 1  1880 M     John     9655 0.0815
#> 2  1880 M     William  9532 0.0805
#> 3  1881 M     John     8769 0.0810
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[Daenerys]

```r
filter(babynames, name == "Daenerys")
#> # A tibble: 6 x 5
#>    year sex   name         n      prop
#>   <dbl> <chr> <chr>    <int>     <dbl>
#> 1  2012 F     Daenerys    21 0.0000108
#> 2  2013 F     Daenerys    68 0.0000354
#> 3  2014 F     Daenerys    86 0.0000441
#> 4  2015 F     Daenerys    82 0.0000422
#> 5  2016 F     Daenerys   101 0.0000524
#> 6  2017 F     Daenerys   110 0.0000587
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[Missing]

```r
filter(babynames, is.na(n))
#> # A tibble: 0 x 5
#> # … with 5 variables: year <dbl>, sex <chr>, name <chr>, n <int>, prop <dbl>
```
]
]

---

```r
filter(babynames, name == "Ida", year == 1880)
```

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#ytrjwgevpt .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="ytrjwgevpt" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Mary</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">7065</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.072</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Anna</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2604</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.027</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Emma</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2003</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.021</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Elizabeth</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1939</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.020</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Minnie</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1746</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.018</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1578</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.016</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">1472</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Alice</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1414</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Bertha</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1320</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">Sarah</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1288</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.013</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

#rdkscswkin .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#rdkscswkin .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="rdkscswkin" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">1472</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">8</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">0.000</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

???
Specify multiple logical conditions that must be met. Listing comma separated values is equivalent to "AND"/&

---
# Boolean operators

.center[
`?base::Logic`

<table>
  <colgroup>
    <col span="1" style="width: 225px;">
    <col span="1" style="width: 175px;">
  </colgroup>
  
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">a </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> & </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">b</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> and</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">a </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> | </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">b</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> or</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong>xor(</strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">a, b</code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong>)</strong></code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> Exactly or</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong>!</strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">a</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> not</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td style="text-align: center">
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">a </code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code"><strong> %in% </strong></code>
        <code class="r,css,yaml remark-inline-code code-fade">c(a, b)</code>
      </td>
      <td style="text-align: left"> One of (in)</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
]

???
xor -> one is true and one is false

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 4

.big[
Use the Boolean operators to manipulate the `babynames` data to show:

1. Girls named Sea
2. Names that were used by exactly 5 or 6 children in 1880
3. Names that are one of Acura, Lexus, or Yugo
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Sea]

```r
filter(babynames, name == "Sea", sex == "F")
#> # A tibble: 2 x 5
#>    year sex   name      n       prop
#>   <dbl> <chr> <chr> <int>      <dbl>
#> 1  1982 F     Sea       5 0.00000276
#> 2  1998 F     Sea       5 0.00000258
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[Sea Alternate]

```r
filter(babynames, name == "Sea" & sex == "F")
#> # A tibble: 2 x 5
#>    year sex   name      n       prop
#>   <dbl> <chr> <chr> <int>      <dbl>
#> 1  1982 F     Sea       5 0.00000276
#> 2  1998 F     Sea       5 0.00000258
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[1880]

```r
filter(babynames, n %in% c(5, 6), year == 1880)
#> # A tibble: 455 x 5
#>     year sex   name        n      prop
#>    <dbl> <chr> <chr>   <int>     <dbl>
#>  1  1880 F     Abby        6 0.0000615
#>  2  1880 F     Aileen      6 0.0000615
#>  3  1880 F     Alba        6 0.0000615
#>  4  1880 F     Alda        6 0.0000615
#>  5  1880 F     Alla        6 0.0000615
#>  6  1880 F     Alverta     6 0.0000615
#>  7  1880 F     Ara         6 0.0000615
#>  8  1880 F     Ardelia     6 0.0000615
#>  9  1880 F     Ardella     6 0.0000615
#> 10  1880 F     Arrie       6 0.0000615
#> # … with 445 more rows
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[1880 Alternate]

```r
filter(babynames, (n == 5 | n == 6) & year == 1880)
#> # A tibble: 455 x 5
#>     year sex   name        n      prop
#>    <dbl> <chr> <chr>   <int>     <dbl>
#>  1  1880 F     Abby        6 0.0000615
#>  2  1880 F     Aileen      6 0.0000615
#>  3  1880 F     Alba        6 0.0000615
#>  4  1880 F     Alda        6 0.0000615
#>  5  1880 F     Alla        6 0.0000615
#>  6  1880 F     Alverta     6 0.0000615
#>  7  1880 F     Ara         6 0.0000615
#>  8  1880 F     Ardelia     6 0.0000615
#>  9  1880 F     Ardella     6 0.0000615
#> 10  1880 F     Arrie       6 0.0000615
#> # … with 445 more rows
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[Cars]

```r
filter(babynames, name %in% c("Acura", "Lexus", "Yugo"))
#> # A tibble: 57 x 5
#>     year sex   name      n       prop
#>    <dbl> <chr> <chr> <int>      <dbl>
#>  1  1990 F     Lexus    36 0.0000175 
#>  2  1990 M     Lexus    12 0.00000558
#>  3  1991 F     Lexus   102 0.0000502 
#>  4  1991 M     Lexus    16 0.00000755
#>  5  1992 F     Lexus   193 0.0000963 
#>  6  1992 M     Lexus    25 0.0000119 
#>  7  1993 F     Lexus   285 0.000145  
#>  8  1993 M     Lexus    30 0.0000145 
#>  9  1994 F     Lexus   381 0.000195  
#> 10  1994 F     Acura     6 0.00000308
#> # … with 47 more rows
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[Cars Alternate]

```r
filter(babynames, name == "Acura" | name == "Lexus" | name == "Yugo")
#> # A tibble: 57 x 5
#>     year sex   name      n       prop
#>    <dbl> <chr> <chr> <int>      <dbl>
#>  1  1990 F     Lexus    36 0.0000175 
#>  2  1990 M     Lexus    12 0.00000558
#>  3  1991 F     Lexus   102 0.0000502 
#>  4  1991 M     Lexus    16 0.00000755
#>  5  1992 F     Lexus   193 0.0000963 
#>  6  1992 M     Lexus    25 0.0000119 
#>  7  1993 F     Lexus   285 0.000145  
#>  8  1993 M     Lexus    30 0.0000145 
#>  9  1994 F     Lexus   381 0.000195  
#> 10  1994 F     Acura     6 0.00000308
#> # … with 47 more rows
```
]
]

???
Common mistakes:
* collapsing multiple tests into one (i.e., `10 < n < 20` instead of  `10 < n, n < 20`)
* Stringing together many tests when you could use %in%

---
name: arrange
class: center middle

# `arrange()`

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>arrange(.data, ...)</code>

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>arrange(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">.data</span>, ...)</code>

???

Data to transform

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>arrange(.data, <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">...</span>)</code>

???

One or more columns to order by. Additional columns are used to break ties.

---

```r
arrange(babynames, n)
```

#vzckjfaqni .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#vzckjfaqni .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="vzckjfaqni" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">1965</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">Russell</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">5,649</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">1935</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">Jimmy</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">4,173</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">0.004</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">1891</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">William</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">6,763</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">0.062</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">2000</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">Kevin</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">12,667</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">0.006</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">1956</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">Johnny</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">6,640</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE393;">1918</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE393;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE393;">Gladys</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEE393;">8,735</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE393;">0.007</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">1971</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">Stephen</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">13,105</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">0.007</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">1898</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">James</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">5,321</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">0.040</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">1994</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">Kaitlyn</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">6,686</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">1933</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">15,239</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#odlmuhkvkn .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="odlmuhkvkn" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">1935</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">Jimmy</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">4,173</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">0.004</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">1898</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">James</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">5,321</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">0.040</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">1965</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">Russell</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">5,649</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">1956</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">Johnny</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">6,640</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">1994</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">Kaitlyn</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">6,686</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">1891</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">William</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">6,763</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">0.062</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE393;">1918</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE393;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE393;">Gladys</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEE393;">8,735</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE393;">0.007</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">2000</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">Kevin</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">12,667</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">0.006</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">1971</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">Stephen</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">13,105</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">0.007</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">1933</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">15,239</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 5

.big[
* Arrange `babynames` by **`n`**. Add **`prop`** as a second (tiebreaking) variable to arrange by.
* What is the smallest value of **`n`**?
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
arrange(babynames, n, prop)
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Result]

```
# A tibble: 1,924,665 x 5
    year sex   name            n       prop
   <dbl> <chr> <chr>       <int>      <dbl>
 1  2007 M     Aaban           5 0.00000226
 2  2007 M     Aareon          5 0.00000226
 3  2007 M     Aaris           5 0.00000226
 4  2007 M     Abd             5 0.00000226
 5  2007 M     Abdulazeez      5 0.00000226
 6  2007 M     Abdulhadi       5 0.00000226
 7  2007 M     Abdulhamid      5 0.00000226
 8  2007 M     Abdulkadir      5 0.00000226
 9  2007 M     Abdulraheem     5 0.00000226
10  2007 M     Abdulrahim      5 0.00000226
# … with 1,924,655 more rows
```

]
]

---
# Descending Order

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>arrange(babynames, <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">desc(</span>n<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">)</span>)</code>

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#nyjdafrpgr .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="nyjdafrpgr" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">1965</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">Russell</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">5,649</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">1935</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">Jimmy</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">4,173</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEFBEF;">0.004</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">1891</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">William</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">6,763</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">0.062</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">2000</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">Kevin</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">12,667</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">0.006</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">1956</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">Johnny</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">6,640</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE393;">1918</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE393;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE393;">Gladys</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEE393;">8,735</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE393;">0.007</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">1971</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">Stephen</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">13,105</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">0.007</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">1898</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">James</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">5,321</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">0.040</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">1994</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">Kaitlyn</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">6,686</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">1933</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">15,239</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FED766;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

#yguesbqqai .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#yguesbqqai .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="yguesbqqai" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">1933</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FED766;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FED766;">15,239</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FED766;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">1971</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">Stephen</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">13,105</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDB75;">0.007</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">2000</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">Kevin</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">12,667</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEDF84;">0.006</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE393;">1918</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE393;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE393;">Gladys</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEE393;">8,735</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE393;">0.007</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">1891</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">William</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">6,763</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEE7A3;">0.062</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">1994</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">Kaitlyn</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">6,686</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEBB2;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">1956</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">Johnny</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">6,640</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEEFC1;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">1965</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">Russell</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">5,649</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF3D1;">0.003</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">1898</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">James</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">5,321</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #FEF7E0;">0.040</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FEFBEF;">1935</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FEFBEF;">M</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FEFBEF;">Jimmy</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FEFBEF;">4,173</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #FEFBEF;">0.004</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 6

.big[
* Use **`desc()`** to find the names with the highest **`prop`**.
* Which names have the largest values of **`n`**?
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[prop]

```r
arrange(babynames, desc(prop))
# A tibble: 1,924,665 x 5
    year sex   name        n   prop
   <dbl> <chr> <chr>   <int>  <dbl>
 1  1880 M     John     9655 0.0815
 2  1881 M     John     8769 0.0810
 3  1880 M     William  9532 0.0805
 4  1883 M     John     8894 0.0791
 5  1881 M     William  8524 0.0787
 6  1882 M     John     9557 0.0783
 7  1884 M     John     9388 0.0765
 8  1882 M     William  9298 0.0762
 9  1886 M     John     9026 0.0758
10  1885 M     John     8756 0.0755
# … with 1,924,655 more rows
```
]

.panel[.panel-name[n]

```r
arrange(babynames, desc(n))
# A tibble: 1,924,665 x 5
    year sex   name        n   prop
   <dbl> <chr> <chr>   <int>  <dbl>
 1  1947 F     Linda   99686 0.0548
 2  1948 F     Linda   96209 0.0552
 3  1947 M     James   94756 0.0510
 4  1957 M     Michael 92695 0.0424
 5  1947 M     Robert  91642 0.0493
 6  1949 F     Linda   91016 0.0518
 7  1956 M     Michael 90620 0.0423
 8  1958 M     Michael 90520 0.0420
 9  1948 M     James   88588 0.0497
10  1954 M     Michael 88514 0.0428
# … with 1,924,655 more rows
```
]
]

---
name: pipe
class: center middle

# `%>%`

---
class: pop-quiz

# Consider

.pull-left[
How would you do the following to the `babynames` data:

1. Filter to only the names Sansa and Arya;
2. Arrange by **`name`** and then **`year`**; and
3. Remove the **`prop`** variable
]

.pull-right[

```
# A tibble: 67 x 4
    year sex   name      n
   <dbl> <chr> <chr> <int>
 1  1982 M     Arya     12
 2  1983 M     Arya      7
 3  1984 M     Arya      9
 4  1985 M     Arya     20
 5  1986 F     Arya      5
 6  1986 M     Arya     18
 7  1987 M     Arya     22
 8  1988 F     Arya      5
 9  1988 M     Arya     22
10  1989 M     Arya     30
# … with 57 more rows
```
]

---
class: pop-quiz wide

# Nesting

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>babynames</code>

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>filter(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">babynames</span>, name %in% c("Sansa", "Arya"))</code>

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>arrange(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">filter(babynames, name %in% c("Sansa", "Arya"))</span>, name, year)</code>

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>select(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">arrange(filter(babynames, name %in% c("Sansa", "Arya")), name, year)</span>, -prop)</code>

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>select(arrange(filter(babynames, name %in% c("Sansa", "Arya")), name, year), -prop)</code>

???
Start with babynames  
Then filter to Sansa and Arya  
Then arrange by name and year  
Finally remove prop

---
class: pop-quiz wide

# Intermediate objects

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>bn2 <- filter(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">bn1</span>, name %in% c("Sansa", "Arya"))</code>

.big[What are all these objects in my environment window??]

---
class: center middle

.big[Your code should tell the story of what you are doing to the data]

---
class: center middle

---
# Let's tell a story

1. **Tumble** out of bed

2. **Stumble** to the kitchen

3. **Pour** myself a cup of ambition

4. **Yawn**

5. **Stretch**

6. **Try** to come to live

---
# What story does this tell?

```r
try(come_to_live(
    stretch(yawn(pour(stumble(tumble(I, out_of = "bed"), to = "the kitchen"),
                 who = "myself", unit = "cup", what = "ambition")))
))
```

---
# Turn the story into code

```r
I
```

---
# Turn the story into code

```r
tumble(I, out_of = "bed")
```

---
# Turn the story into code

```r
stumble(tumble(I, out_of = "bed"), to = "the kitchen")
```

---
# Turn the story into code

```r
pour(stumble(tumble(I, out_of = "bed"), to = "the kitchen"),
     who = "myself", unit = "cup", what = "ambition")
```

---
# Turn the story into code

```r
yawn(pour(stumble(tumble(I, out_of = "bed"), to = "the kitchen"),
          who = "myself", unit = "cup", what = "ambition"))
```

---
# Turn the story into code

```r
stretch(yawn(pour(stumble(tumble(I, out_of = "bed"), to = "the kitchen"),
                  who = "myself", unit = "cup", what = "ambition")))
```

---
# Turn the story into code

```r
try(come_to_live(
    stretch(yawn(pour(stumble(tumble(I, out_of = "bed"), to = "the kitchen"),
                 who = "myself", unit = "cup", what = "ambition")))
))
```

???

We understand because we wrote it, but can others? Remember before we built this up.

---
class: center middle

.huge[**`%>%`**]

Pass the output of one function to the first argument of the next

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>me1 <- "I"<br><span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">me2</span> <- tumble(me1, out_of = "bed")<br>me3 <- stumble(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">me2</span>, to = "the kitchen")</code>

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>I <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">%>%</span><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;tumble(out_of = "bed") <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">%>%</span><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;stumble(to = "the kitchen")</code>

---
# Tell a story

```r
I %>%
  tumble(out_of = "bed") %>%
  stumble(to = "the kitchen") %>%
  pour(who = "myself", unit = "cup", what = "ambition") %>%
  yawn() %>%
  stretch() %>%
  try(come_to_live())
```

---
# Piping in the tidyverse

Functions take a data frame as their first argument, and return a data frame.

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>select(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">.data</span>, ...)</code>

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>filter(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">.data</span>, ...)</code>

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>arrange(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">.data</span>, ...)</code>

---
class: pop-quiz

# Reconsider

.pull-left[
How would you do the following to the `babynames` data:

1. Filter to only the names Sansa and Arya;
2. Arrange by **`name`** and then **`year`**; and
3. Remove the **`prop`** variable
]

.pull-right[

---
class: pop-quiz

```r
babynames %>%
  filter(name %in% c("Sansa", "Arya")) %>%
  arrange(name, year) %>%
  select(-prop)
#> # A tibble: 67 x 4
#>     year sex   name      n
#>    <dbl> <chr> <chr> <int>
#>  1  1982 M     Arya     12
#>  2  1983 M     Arya      7
#>  3  1984 M     Arya      9
#>  4  1985 M     Arya     20
#>  5  1986 F     Arya      5
#>  6  1986 M     Arya     18
#>  7  1987 M     Arya     22
#>  8  1988 F     Arya      5
#>  9  1988 M     Arya     22
#> 10  1989 M     Arya     30
#> # … with 57 more rows
```

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 7

.big[
Use **`%>%`** to write a sequence of functions that:

1. Filter `babynames` to just the females that were born in 2015.
2. Select the **`name`** and **`n`** columns.
3. Arrange the results so that the most popular names are at the top.
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
babynames %>%
  filter(sex == "F", year == 2015) %>%
  select(name, n) %>%
  arrange(desc(n))
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Results]

```
# A tibble: 19,074 x 2
   name          n
   <chr>     <int>
 1 Emma      20435
 2 Olivia    19669
 3 Sophia    17402
 4 Ava       16361
 5 Isabella  15594
 6 Mia       14892
 7 Abigail   12390
 8 Emily     11780
 9 Charlotte 11390
10 Harper    10291
# … with 19,064 more rows
```

]
]

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 8

.big[
Combine your new data skills to make a plot showing the popularity of your name over time.

1. Trim `babynames` to just the rows that contain your **`name`**.
2. Trim the result to just the columns that are needed for your plot.
3. Plot the results as a line graph with **`year`** on the x-axis and **`prop`** on the y-axis, colored **`sex`**.
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
babynames %>%
  filter(name == "Jake") %>%
  select(year, prop, sex) %>%
  ggplot(mapping = aes(x = year, y = prop)) +
  geom_line(mapping = aes(color = sex))
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Plot]

]
]

---
class: center middle

# What names are the most popular?

---
# What is popularity?

We can assess popularity through:

1. **Sums** - a large number of children have the name when we sum across years.

2. **Ranks** - the name consistently ranks among the top names from year to year.

---
class: pop-quiz

# Consider

.big[
Do we have enough information to:

1. Calculate the total number of children with each name?
2. Rank the names within each year?
]

---
# Deriving information

.pull-left[
<img src="images/transform/summarize.png" height="75px">
]

.pull-right[
.big[Compile data with **`summarize()`**]
]

---
# Deriving information

.pull-left[
<img src="images/transform/summarize.png" height="75px">
</br>
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/group_by.png" height="75px">
]

.pull-right[
.big[Compile data with **`summarize()`**]
</br>
</br>
</br>
</br>
.big[Analyze groups with **`group_by()`**]
]

---
# Deriving information

.pull-left[
<img src="images/transform/summarize.png" height="75px">
</br>
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/group_by.png" height="75px">
</br>
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/mutate.png" height="75px">
]

.pull-right[
.big[Compile data with **`summarize()`**]
</br>
</br>
</br>
</br>
.big[Analyze groups with **`group_by()`**]
</br>
</br>
</br>
.big[Make new variables with **`mutate()`**]
]

---
name: summarize
class: center middle

# `summarize()`

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>summarize(.data, ...)</code>

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>summarize(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">.data</span>, ...)</code>

???

Data to summarize

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>summarize(.data, <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">...</span>)</code>

???

Summaries to calculate

---

```r
summarize(babynames, total = sum(n), max = max(n))
```

#erqgxroqhb .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#erqgxroqhb .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="erqgxroqhb" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Mary</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">7065</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.072</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Anna</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2604</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.027</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Emma</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2003</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.021</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Elizabeth</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1939</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.020</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Minnie</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1746</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.018</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1578</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.016</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1472</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Alice</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1414</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Bertha</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1320</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">Sarah</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1288</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.013</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

#crayxiofvq .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#crayxiofvq .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="crayxiofvq" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; background-color: #009FB7;">total</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; background-color: #009FB7;">max</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #0ADEFF;">348120517</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #0ADEFF;">99686</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

---
background-image: url(images/transform/cheatsheet-summary.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 85%

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 9

.big[
Use **`summarize()`** to compute three statistics *about the data*:

1. The first (minimum) year in the data set
2. The last (maximum) year in the data set
3. The total number of unique names in the data.
]

Hint: Use the functions `min()`, `max()`, and `n_distinct()`.

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
babynames %>%
  summarize(first_year = min(year),
            last_year = max(year),
            num_names = n_distinct(name))
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Result]

```
# A tibble: 1 x 3
  first_year last_year num_names
       <dbl>     <dbl>     <int>
1       1880      2017     97310
```

]
]

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 10

.big[
Extract the rows for children named **Khaleesi**.

1. How many children have been named Khaleesi?
2. What was the first year Khaleesi appeared in the data?
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
babynames %>%
  filter(name == "Khaleesi") %>%
  summarize(total_kids = sum(n),
            first_year = min(year))
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Result]

```
# A tibble: 1 x 2
  total_kids first_year
       <int>      <dbl>
1       1964       2011
```

]
]

---
name: group
class: center middle

# `group_by()`

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>group_by(.data, ...)</code>

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>group_by(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">.data</span>, ...)</code>

???

Data to group

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>group_by(.data, <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">...</span>)</code>

???

Variables to group by

---

```r
group_by(babynames, sex)
#> # A tibble: 1,924,665 x 5
#> # Groups:   sex [2]
#>     year sex   name          n   prop
#>    <dbl> <chr> <chr>     <int>  <dbl>
#>  1  1880 F     Mary       7065 0.0724
#>  2  1880 F     Anna       2604 0.0267
#>  3  1880 F     Emma       2003 0.0205
#>  4  1880 F     Elizabeth  1939 0.0199
#>  5  1880 F     Minnie     1746 0.0179
#>  6  1880 F     Margaret   1578 0.0162
#>  7  1880 F     Ida        1472 0.0151
#>  8  1880 F     Alice      1414 0.0145
#>  9  1880 F     Bertha     1320 0.0135
#> 10  1880 F     Sarah      1288 0.0132
#> # … with 1,924,655 more rows
```

???

What has changed? Additional meta data being printed.

---
# Grouped summaries

```r
babynames %>%
  group_by(sex) %>%
  summarize(num_names = n_distinct(name))
#> # A tibble: 2 x 2
#>   sex   num_names
#>   <chr>     <int>
#> 1 F         67046
#> 2 M         40927
```

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 11

.big[
Calculate popularity by determining the total number of children given each name.

1. Use **`group_by()`** and **`summarize()`** to calculate the total number of children that have been given each name, by sex.
2. Arrange the results to show the most popular names first.

Bonus:

3. Create a bar plot of the 10 most popular names, with **`name`** on the x-axis and total children on the y-axis.
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
babynames %>%
  group_by(name, sex) %>%
  summarize(total = sum(n)) %>%
  arrange(desc(total))
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Result]

```
# A tibble: 107,973 x 3
# Groups:   name [97,310]
   name    sex     total
   <chr>   <chr>   <int>
 1 James   M     5150472
 2 John    M     5115466
 3 Robert  M     4814815
 4 Michael M     4350824
 5 Mary    F     4123200
 6 William M     4102604
 7 David   M     3611329
 8 Joseph  M     2603445
 9 Richard M     2563082
10 Charles M     2386048
# … with 107,963 more rows
```

]
]

---
class: your-turn

```r
babynames %>%
  group_by(name, sex) %>%
  summarize(total = sum(n), .groups = "drop") %>%
  arrange(desc(total)) %>%
* slice_max(total, n = 10) %>%
* ggplot(mapping = aes(x = fct_reorder(name, desc(total)), y = total)) +
* geom_col(mapping = aes(fill = sex)) +
* scale_fill_brewer() +
* labs(x = "Name", y = "Total Children") +
* theme_bw()
```

---
class: your-turn

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 12

.big[
Use grouping to calculate the **number of children born each year**.

Plot the results as a line graph.
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
babynames %>%
  group_by(year) %>%
  summarize(n_children = sum(n)) %>%
  ggplot(mapping = aes(x = year, y = n_children)) +
  geom_line()
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Plot]

]
]

???

What does this affect our measure of popularity?

---
name: mutate
class: center middle

# `mutate()`

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>mutate(.data, ...)</code>

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>mutate(<span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">.data</span>, ...)</code>

???

Data to mutate

---
class: middle

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>mutate(.data, <span style="background-color:#FED766;color:#009FB7">...</span>)</code>

???

Additional variables to calculate

---

```r
mutate(babynames, percent = round(prop * 100, digits = 2))
```

#qreywimfnl .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#qreywimfnl .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="qreywimfnl" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Mary</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">7065</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.072</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Anna</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2604</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.027</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Emma</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2003</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.021</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Elizabeth</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1939</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.020</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Minnie</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1746</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.018</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1578</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.016</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1472</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.015</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Alice</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1414</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Bertha</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1320</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">Sarah</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1288</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.013</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

#wslscneune .gt_table {
  display: table;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: normal;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  width: auto;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-color: #A8A8A8;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#wslscneune .gt_heading {
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-align: left;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#wslscneune .gt_title {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 125%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 4px;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-bottom-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-width: 0;
}

#wslscneune .gt_subtitle {
  color: #333333;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: initial;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 4px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-top-width: 0;
}

#wslscneune .gt_bottom_border {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#wslscneune .gt_col_headings {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 3px;
  border-top-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#wslscneune .gt_col_heading {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#wslscneune .gt_column_spanner_outer {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  padding-left: 4px;
  padding-right: 4px;
}

#wslscneune .gt_column_spanner_outer:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
}

#wslscneune .gt_column_spanner_outer:last-child {
  padding-right: 0;
}

#wslscneune .gt_column_spanner {
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: bottom;
  padding-top: 5px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  display: inline-block;
  width: 100%;
}

#wslscneune .gt_group_heading {
  padding: 8px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#wslscneune .gt_empty_group_heading {
  padding: 0.5px;
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

#wslscneune .gt_from_md > :first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}

#wslscneune .gt_from_md > :last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

#wslscneune .gt_row {
  padding-top: 3px;
  padding-bottom: 3px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  margin: 10px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 1px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 1px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 1px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  vertical-align: middle;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

#wslscneune .gt_stub {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  font-size: 80%;
  font-weight: bolder;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right-style: solid;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
  padding-left: 12px;
}

#wslscneune .gt_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#wslscneune .gt_first_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#wslscneune .gt_grand_summary_row {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  text-transform: inherit;
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
}

#wslscneune .gt_first_grand_summary_row {
  padding-top: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  padding-left: 5px;
  padding-right: 5px;
  border-top-style: double;
  border-top-width: 6px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#wslscneune .gt_striped {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.05);
}

#wslscneune .gt_table_body {
  border-top-style: solid;
  border-top-width: 2px;
  border-top-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#wslscneune .gt_footnotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 2px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 2px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#wslscneune .gt_footnote {
  margin: 0px;
  font-size: 90%;
  padding: 4px;
}

#wslscneune .gt_sourcenotes {
  color: #333333;
  background-color: #F0F0F0;
  border-bottom-style: none;
  border-bottom-width: 2px;
  border-bottom-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-left-style: none;
  border-left-width: 0px;
  border-left-color: #D3D3D3;
  border-right-style: none;
  border-right-width: 0px;
  border-right-color: #D3D3D3;
}

#wslscneune .gt_sourcenote {
  font-size: 12px;
  padding: 10px;
}

#wslscneune .gt_left {
  text-align: left;
}

#wslscneune .gt_center {
  text-align: center;
}

#wslscneune .gt_right {
  text-align: right;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

#wslscneune .gt_font_normal {
  font-weight: normal;
}

#wslscneune .gt_font_bold {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#wslscneune .gt_font_italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

#wslscneune .gt_super {
  font-size: 65%;
}

#wslscneune .gt_footnote_marks {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 65%;
}
</style>
<div id="wslscneune" style="overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:auto;width:auto;height:auto;"><table class="gt_table">
  
  <thead class="gt_col_headings">
    <tr>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">year</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">sex</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">name</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">n</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black;">prop</th>
      <th class="gt_col_heading gt_columns_bottom_border gt_right" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; background-color: #009FB7;">percent</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody class="gt_table_body">
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Mary</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">7065</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.072</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">7.24</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Anna</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2604</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.027</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">2.67</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Emma</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">2003</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.021</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">2.05</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Elizabeth</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1939</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.020</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">1.99</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Minnie</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1746</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.018</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">1.79</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Margaret</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1578</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.016</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">1.62</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Ida</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1472</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.015</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">1.51</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Alice</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1414</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">1.45</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">Bertha</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">1320</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.014</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="background-color: #0ADEFF;">1.35</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1880</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">F</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_left" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">Sarah</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_center" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">1288</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #F0F0F0;">0.013</td>
      <td class="gt_row gt_right" style="border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: transparent; background-color: #0ADEFF;">1.32</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
  
  
</table></div>
]

---
background-image: url(images/transform/cheatsheet-mutate.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 70%

---
# `min_rank()`

Lowest value get the lowest rank, i.e., `1`.

```r
min_rank(c(50, 40, 60, 75, 50))
#> [1] 2 1 4 5 2
```

To give highest values the rank of `1`, use `desc()`

```r
min_rank(desc(c(50, 40, 60, 75, 50)))
#> [1] 3 5 2 1 3
```

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 13

.big[
Use **`mutate()`** and **`min_rank()`** to rank each row in `babynames` from largest **`prop`** to lowest **`prop`**.

The highest **`prop`** should have a rank of `1`.
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
babynames %>%
  mutate(rank = min_rank(desc(prop)))
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Result]

```
# A tibble: 1,924,665 x 6
    year sex   name          n   prop  rank
   <dbl> <chr> <chr>     <int>  <dbl> <int>
 1  1880 F     Mary       7065 0.0724    14
 2  1880 F     Anna       2604 0.0267   709
 3  1880 F     Emma       2003 0.0205  1131
 4  1880 F     Elizabeth  1939 0.0199  1192
 5  1880 F     Minnie     1746 0.0179  1427
 6  1880 F     Margaret   1578 0.0162  1683
 7  1880 F     Ida        1472 0.0151  1897
 8  1880 F     Alice      1414 0.0145  2039
 9  1880 F     Bertha     1320 0.0135  2279
10  1880 F     Sarah      1288 0.0132  2387
# … with 1,924,655 more rows
```

]
]

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 14

.big[
**What is each name's median rank?**

1. Compute each **`name`**'s rank with each **`year`** and **`sex`**.
2. Compute the median rank across years for each **`name`**, within each **`sex`**.
3. Sort the results from highest median rank to lowest.
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
babynames %>%
  group_by(year, sex) %>%
  mutate(rank = min_rank(desc(prop))) %>%
  group_by(name, sex) %>%
  summarize(score = median(rank)) %>%
  arrange(score)
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Result]

```
# A tibble: 107,973 x 3
# Groups:   name [97,310]
   name      sex   score
   <chr>     <chr> <dbl>
 1 Mary      F       1  
 2 James     M       3  
 3 John      M       3  
 4 William   M       4  
 5 Robert    M       6  
 6 Michael   M       7.5
 7 Charles   M       9  
 8 Elizabeth F      10  
 9 Joseph    M      10  
10 Thomas    M      11  
# … with 107,963 more rows
```

]
]

---
# Recap: Single table verbs

.pull-left[
<img src="images/transform/select.png" height="50px">
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/filter.png" height="50px">
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/arrange.png" height="50px">
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/summarize.png" height="50px">
</br>
</br>
<img src="images/transform/mutate.png" height="50px">
]

.pull-right.wide-line[
Extract variables with **`select()`**

Extract cases with **`filter()`**

Arrange cases with **`arrange()`**

Compile data with **`summarize()`**

Make new variables with **`mutate()`**
]

---
name: joins
class: center middle

# Joining Data Sets

---
# Example Data: `nycflights13`

```r
library(nycflights13)
flights
#> # A tibble: 336,776 x 19
#>     year month   day dep_time sched_dep_time dep_delay arr_time sched_arr_time
#>    <int> <int> <int>    <int>          <int>     <dbl>    <int>          <int>
#>  1  2013     1     1      517            515         2      830            819
#>  2  2013     1     1      533            529         4      850            830
#>  3  2013     1     1      542            540         2      923            850
#>  4  2013     1     1      544            545        -1     1004           1022
#>  5  2013     1     1      554            600        -6      812            837
#>  6  2013     1     1      554            558        -4      740            728
#>  7  2013     1     1      555            600        -5      913            854
#>  8  2013     1     1      557            600        -3      709            723
#>  9  2013     1     1      557            600        -3      838            846
#> 10  2013     1     1      558            600        -2      753            745
#> # … with 336,766 more rows, and 11 more variables: arr_delay <dbl>,
#> #   carrier <chr>, flight <int>, tailnum <chr>, origin <chr>, dest <chr>,
#> #   air_time <dbl>, distance <dbl>, hour <dbl>, minute <dbl>, time_hour <dttm>
```

---
background-image: url(images/transform/nycflights.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 65%

---
background-image: url(images/transform/nycflights-highlight.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 65%

.big[Which airlines had the longest delays?]

---
.pull-left[

```r
distinct(flights, carrier)
#> # A tibble: 16 x 1
#>    carrier
#>    <chr>  
#>  1 UA     
#>  2 AA     
#>  3 B6     
#>  4 DL     
#>  5 EV     
#>  6 MQ     
#>  7 US     
#>  8 WN     
#>  9 VX     
#> 10 FL     
#> 11 AS     
#> 12 9E     
#> 13 F9     
#> 14 HA     
#> 15 YV     
#> 16 OO
```
]

.pull-right[

```r
airlines
#> # A tibble: 16 x 2
#>    carrier name                       
#>    <chr>   <chr>                      
#>  1 9E      Endeavor Air Inc.          
#>  2 AA      American Airlines Inc.     
#>  3 AS      Alaska Airlines Inc.       
#>  4 B6      JetBlue Airways            
#>  5 DL      Delta Air Lines Inc.       
#>  6 EV      ExpressJet Airlines Inc.   
#>  7 F9      Frontier Airlines Inc.     
#>  8 FL      AirTran Airways Corporation
#>  9 HA      Hawaiian Airlines Inc.     
#> 10 MQ      Envoy Air                  
#> 11 OO      SkyWest Airlines Inc.      
#> 12 UA      United Air Lines Inc.      
#> 13 US      US Airways Inc.            
#> 14 VX      Virgin America             
#> 15 WN      Southwest Airlines Co.     
#> 16 YV      Mesa Airlines Inc.
```
]

---
class: center middle

**Mutating joins** use information from one data set to **add variables to another data set** (like `mutate()`)

**Filtering joins** use information from one data set to **extract cases** from another data set (like `filter()`)

---
background-image: url(images/transform/join-data.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 85%

# Toy data for practice

---
background-image: url(images/transform/left-join.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 90%

# `left_join()`

```r
left_join(heros, homes, by = "hero")
```

---
background-image: url(images/transform/right-join.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 90%

# `right_join()`

```r
right_join(heros, homes, by = "hero")
```

---
background-image: url(images/transform/full-join.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 90%

# `full_join()`

```r
full_join(heros, homes, by = "hero")
```

---
background-image: url(images/transform/inner-join.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 90%

# `inner_join()`

```r
inner_join(heros, homes, by = "hero")
```

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 15

.big[
Which airlines had the largest arrival delays (**`arr_delay`**)? Complete the code below.
]

<code class ='r hljs remark-code'>flights %>%<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;drop_na(arr_delay) %>%<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="background-color:#FED766"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> %>% # 1. Join airlines to flights<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;group_by(<span style="background-color:#FED766"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>) %>%<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="background-color:#FED766"> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> %>% &nbsp;# 2. Compute the average arrival delay<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;arrange(desc(<span style="color:#FED766;background-color:#FED766">delay</span>))</code>

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
flights %>%
  drop_na(arr_delay) %>%
  left_join(airlines, by = "carrier") %>%
  group_by(name) %>%
  summarize(delay = mean(arr_delay)) %>%
  arrange(desc(delay))
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Result]

```
#> # A tibble: 16 x 2
#>    name                         delay
#>    <chr>                        <dbl>
#>  1 Frontier Airlines Inc.      21.9  
#>  2 AirTran Airways Corporation 20.1  
#>  3 ExpressJet Airlines Inc.    15.8  
#>  4 Mesa Airlines Inc.          15.6  
#>  5 SkyWest Airlines Inc.       11.9  
#>  6 Envoy Air                   10.8  
#>  7 Southwest Airlines Co.       9.65 
#>  8 JetBlue Airways              9.46 
#>  9 Endeavor Air Inc.            7.38 
#> 10 United Air Lines Inc.        3.56 
#> 11 US Airways Inc.              2.13 
#> 12 Virgin America               1.76 
#> 13 Delta Air Lines Inc.         1.64 
#> 14 American Airlines Inc.       0.364
#> 15 Hawaiian Airlines Inc.      -6.92 
#> 16 Alaska Airlines Inc.        -9.93
```

]
]

---
background-image: url(images/transform/named-join.png)
background-position: center 65%
background-size: 90%

# Non-matching names

Use a named vector to match on variables with different names.

```r
heroes %>%
  left_join(enemies, by = c("hero" = "avenger"))
```

---
class: center middle

**Mutating joins** use information from one data set to **add variables to another data set** (like `mutate()`)

**Filtering joins** use information from one data set to **extract cases** from another data set (like `filter()`)

---
background-image: url(images/transform/semi-join.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 90%

# `semi_join()`

```r
semi_join(heros, homes, by = "hero")
```

---
background-image: url(images/transform/anti-join.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 90%

# `anti_join()`

```r
anti_join(heros, homes, by = "hero")
```

---
class: your-turn

# Your turn 16

.big[
How many airports in the **`airports`** data were serviced by flights originating in New York?

Notice that the column to join on is named **`faa`** in the **`airports`** data set and **`dest`** in the **`flights`** data set.
]

---
class: your-turn

.panelset[
.panel[.panel-name[Code]

```r
airports %>%
  semi_join(flights, by = c("faa" = "dest")) %>%
  distinct()
```

]

.panel[.panel-name[Result]

```
#> # A tibble: 101 x 8
#>    faa   name                         lat    lon   alt    tz dst   tzone        
#>    <chr> <chr>                      <dbl>  <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <chr> <chr>        
#>  1 ABQ   Albuquerque International…  35.0 -107.   5355    -7 A     America/Denv…
#>  2 ACK   Nantucket Mem               41.3  -70.1    48    -5 A     America/New_…
#>  3 ALB   Albany Intl                 42.7  -73.8   285    -5 A     America/New_…
#>  4 ANC   Ted Stevens Anchorage Intl  61.2 -150.    152    -9 A     America/Anch…
#>  5 ATL   Hartsfield Jackson Atlant…  33.6  -84.4  1026    -5 A     America/New_…
#>  6 AUS   Austin Bergstrom Intl       30.2  -97.7   542    -6 A     America/Chic…
#>  7 AVL   Asheville Regional Airport  35.4  -82.5  2165    -5 A     America/New_…
#>  8 BDL   Bradley Intl                41.9  -72.7   173    -5 A     America/New_…
#>  9 BGR   Bangor Intl                 44.8  -68.8   192    -5 A     America/New_…
#> 10 BHM   Birmingham Intl             33.6  -86.8   644    -6 A     America/Chic…
#> # … with 91 more rows
```

]
]

---
background-image: url(images/transform/cheatsheet-join.png)
background-position: center middle
background-size: 85%

---
class: title-slide, center

# Data Transformation

## Tidy Data Science with the Tidyverse and Tidymodels

### W. Jake Thompson

#### [https://tidyds-2021.wjakethompson.com](https://tidyds-2021.wjakethompson.com) &#183; [https://bit.ly/tidyds-2021](https://bit.ly/tidyds-2021)

.footer-license[*Tidy Data Science with the Tidyverse and Tidymodels* is licensed under a [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).]